Abstract
Through a review of the bibliographic base was identified the potential and difficulties of using biofuels based on babassu culture for use as aviation biofuel. Babassu palm is one of the most important crops for family farming in the north and northeast of Brazil due to its vast use potential. From babassu oil, by transesterification, good quality biodiesel can be obtained. However, it does not have the properties necessary to be used as aviation biofuel. Researches with biofuels from this culture and cultures with a similar organic profile were analyzed pointing out the feasibility of these biofuels as a mixture in aviation kerosene, nevertheless, these biofuels present several problems when used alone. Among the physical-chemical properties analyzed, the freezing point was a critical factor for not using these biofuels. This review points out the best results to improve the physicochemical properties of babassu biofuels to use as aviation fuel and present an important social factor to this palm uses.
Highlights
Concerns about the environmental issue have been growing gradually over the years, especially about greenhouse gas emissions, these emissions are directly linked to the use of fossil fuels (IEA, 2019).With the growing awareness and technological advances towards sustainability, what is happening gradually, is a replacement from non-renewable sources to more sustainable and ecologically viable sources (Marsh, 2008; Zhang et al, 2016).Aviation sector is responsible for 2% of all CO2 emissions produced by human activities and is projected to reach 3.5% with the increase in this transport activity over the decades (Cui & Li, 2017; International Air Transport Association (IATA), 2017)
Having conditions such as density, viscosity and organic components similar to the traditional fuel used in aviation, babassu biodiesel has a high freezing point, which prevents be used in cold places, especially in high altitudes
Information was collected on the market, production potential, physicochemical characteristics of babassu oil and biofuels, market and difficulties of aviation biofuels, and a comparison was made between the properties of babassu biofuels obtained in the literature with the quality standard for the Jet A1 aviation fuel
Summary
Concerns about the environmental issue have been growing gradually over the years, especially about greenhouse gas emissions, these emissions are directly linked to the use of fossil fuels (IEA, 2019). Several studies have used low molecular weight biodiesel to make possible the use of these as aviation biofuels, among the most common is the use of jatropha, palm, camellia (Baroutian et al, 2013; Choi et al, 2018; Lin et al, 2020; Ranucci et al, 2018; Rodrigues Ranucci et al, 2014) These biodiesels have characteristics like density and viscosity similar to traditional aviation fuel (Blakey et al, 2011; Ranucci et al, 2018). Because of the organic similarity and the low weight and viscosity of babassu biodiesel, presupposes this biodiesel can be a potential substitute to Jet A-1 Having conditions such as density, viscosity and organic components similar to the traditional fuel used in aviation, babassu biodiesel has a high freezing point, which prevents be used in cold places, especially in high altitudes. The objective of this study is to carry out an evaluation of the use of babassu biodiesel as biofuel for aviation, presenting a comparison with traditional aviation fuel and other aviation biofuels
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