Abstract
Electric brake resistors are well known in the domain of power electronics, railway or elevator technology to guarantee electric braking or to damp high electric power peaks. The generated heat energy, however, is usually dissipated. This work deals with the potential of an automotive application of the electric brake resistor to enable brake energy regeneration (recuperation) also at low temperatures and high state of charge when the charge performance of the traction battery is limited. By reusing the excess recuperation energy to support the vehicle's cabin heating, the overall energy efficiency can be increased. In this paper three classes of battery electric vehicles are simulated with different driving environments and start parameters to assess the influences on the efficiency potential of this application. It is shown that, depending on the start conditions and drive cycle, the total energy demand can be reduced by up to 12% with the use of a 6kW rated brake resistor.
Highlights
The architects of electric vehicles have to deal with the limited capacity of today's Lithium-ion batteries [1]
Water cooled brake resistors are smaller and lighter than the ones known from industrial application, they have become most interesting for automotive application, especially for compact electric vehicles
As the results reveal there are many conditions in which the electric brake resistor application has the potential to increase vehicle efficiency by several percent
Summary
The architects of electric vehicles have to deal with the limited capacity of today's Lithium-ion batteries [1]. Beside the optimization of the motion resistances e.g. via weight reduction, brake energy regeneration (recuperation) plays a much more important role for electrical vehicles to ensure a certain range with this limited battery capacity. The recuperation capability is dependent on the charge power limit of the battery, which varies over temperature, state of charge and age, as previous work has shown [2]. As part of the research project EFA2014/2 (“Energy Efficient Driving 2014 – phase 2”), [3] funded by the German government, a water cooled and minimized brake resistor is integrated into an electric vehicle. A component model of an electric brake resistor is integrated in a simulation environment developed in previous work (cf [2], [4])
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