Abstract
ABSTRACTThe fruiting body formation mechanisms of Cordyceps sinensis are still unclear. To explore the mechanisms, proteins potentially related to the fruiting body formation, proteins from fruiting bodies, and mycelia of Cordyceps species were assessed by using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis, and the differential expression proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation tandem time of flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that 198 differential expression proteins (252 protein spots) were identified during the fruiting body formation of Cordyceps species, and 24 of them involved in fruiting body development in both C. sinensis and other microorganisms. Especially, enolase and malate dehydrogenase were first found to play an important role in fruiting body development in macro-fungus. The results implied that cAMP signal pathway involved in fruiting body development of C. sinensis, meanwhile glycometabolism, protein metabolism, energy metabolism, and cell reconstruction were more active during fruiting body development. It has become evident that fruiting body formation of C. sinensis is a highly complex differentiation process and requires precise integration of a number of fundamental biological processes. Although the fruiting body formation mechanisms for all these activities remain to be further elucidated, the possible mechanism provides insights into the culture of C. sinensis.
Highlights
Cordyceps is a large genus of entomogenous fungi with more than 400 species found world-wide, and the most famous and valuable species is Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. (Li et al 2006a)
Differential proteins in the fruiting body/sclerotia and fruiting body/mycelia from natural C. sinensis Natural worm without infection of fungus of Cordyceps is difficult to obtain for the proteomics investigation due to specific life cycle of C. sinensis and the habitat
The number was much more than 18 spots in natural C. sinensis (Jin 2005)
Summary
Cordyceps is a large genus of entomogenous fungi with more than 400 species found world-wide, and the most famous and valuable species is Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. (Li et al 2006a). Natural C. sinensis is found only in the soil of a prairie at an elevation of 3 000 to 5 000 m mainly in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces in China. The worldwide demand for natural C. sinensis has been increasing continuously. The price of C. sinensis reached USD 13,000 per kg in 2008–2009 (Au et al 2011), and the top quality C. sinensis rocketed up to USD 32,000 per kg in Hong Kong and San Francisco in late 2006 (Winkler 2008). After several decades of efforts, 572 fungal strains of more than 37 genera have been isolated from natural C. sinensis (Zhang, Zhang et al 2010, Zhang, Sun et al 2010). The molecular mechanisms, which are critical for cultivation of C. sinensis, of fruiting body development of C. sinensis are still unknown
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