Abstract
Simple SummaryAnimals in zoos can adapt to many noises they hear on a regular basis. However, construction noise that is intense or occurs unpredictably may negatively impact the welfare state of some animals and induce a chronic stress response. This study aimed to understand the behavioral response to construction noise of selected species in an urban zoo in order to guide mitigating actions in advance of, and during, a planned construction project. The behavior of elephants, giraffes, emus and alligators was recorded during 90-min exposures to different sound environments including ambient sound, and four construction sound treatments. A non-invasive measure of physiological stress response was also measured in emus. All species appeared to respond to the recorded noise, with giraffes, elephants and emu, demonstrating behavioral changes potentially indicative of agitation or stress. This study has implications for the trade-offs that occur when zoos seek to improve long-term animal welfare through enclosure refurbishment and short-term impacts on animals exposed to construction noise.In anticipation of a major construction project in an urban New Zealand zoo, a study was initiated to assess the response to construction noise of selected animal species (elephant, giraffe, emu and alligator) previously observed to be sensitive to this kind of noise. The overall aim was to detect any signs of aversive responses to this noise to enable keepers to recognize these and take any necessary mitigating actions during the construction period. The experimental approach involved the creation of acoustic maps of each focal animal enclosure, a series of 90-min video recordings of the animals’ behavior in response to ambient noise (control) and amplified broadcast of pre-recorded continuous and intermittent construction noise. Concentration of fecal corticosterone metabolites was also measured for the emus. Key findings were that giraffes, elephants and emus appeared to show an increase in behaviors that could indicate stress or agitation including vigilance and locomotion and may prefer quieter regions of their enclosure during sound exposure. Giraffes also increased close contact with conspecifics when exposed to construction noise. While alligators did not show clear evidence of noise-related stress, our findings indicated that all focal species showed some behavioral responses to recorded construction noise.
Highlights
The welfare of animals in their care is a key priority for zoos
Given practical constraints imposed by working in a zoo environment, we elected to focus on specific behavioral changes between ambient and construction noise exposure to gain insight into the animals’ affective state
Four behaviors appeared to increase in response to both continuous and intermittent construction noise
Summary
Association promotes the ‘Five Domains’ animal welfare framework [1,2] as the gold standard against which to assess the welfare state of captive wildlife [3] This framework comprises four measurable physical domains (nutrition, health, behavior and environment) that are collectively used to assess the affective state of animals as either negative, neutral or positive [2]. Implementation of this framework involves evaluation and ongoing review of husbandry and environmental conditions against current best zoo practice taking into account knowledge of the species’ biology in nature while recognizing that the needs of individuals may be diverse. Zoo animals can be exposed to potentially intense noise arising from construction activities [10,11,12,13]
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