Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the long-term influence of biostimulator NeOsol in combination with different manure types on soil’s physical properties and crop status. NeOsol is a soil biostimulator that should stimulate the biological reactions of the soil profile and improve the soil’s physical and chemical properties. A six-year experiment was conducted with eight treatments: NPK, cattle manure, pig manure, poultry manure, and the same four treatments with the NeOsol added on top. The in situ sampling of soil properties provided data on unit draft (UD), bulk density (BD), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC). Furthermore, remotely sensed data were analyzed to describe crop status via three selected vegetation indices (VI), and crop yields were assessed last. The variants treated with NeOsol demonstrated decreases in UD over time; BD, SHC, and VI did not significantly change. The impact on yield was significant and increased over time. When comparing the variants with manure application to those without one, the cattle manure led to significantly higher SHC; the pig manure led to significantly lower UD and BD but significantly higher SHC and yield; and the poultry manure led to significantly lower UD and BD but higher yield.
Highlights
Values at Term I, the values become significantly lower at Term III. This fact suggests the favorable influence of the NeOsol activator on unit draft (UD) over a prolonged period of time
Our observations have proven the significant effects of NeOsol on yield, which were intensified after a prolonged application, i.e., at the last term of the experiment
We carried out a six-year experiment on the biostimulator NeOsol and three manure types of different origin that were applied either alone or in a combination in order to assess their influence on soil’s physical properties and crop status in real agricultural conditions
Summary
Farmers around the globe are under substantial pressure to ensure still-higher yields in a limited area. In doing so, they must adjust their common management to actual environmental policies. The impacts of changing climate vary among regions and by crop, it is clear that responsible strategies must be adopted on a global scale [1] Research-based technologies began to be implemented in the 1950s [2] Collecting, processing, and transferring data into practice are some of the cornerstones of precision agriculture, one of the staple concepts of the ongoing Agriculture 4.0 [3] Properly interpreted results enable practitioners to (a) increase productivity, (b) reasonably allocate sources, (c) adapt agricultural management, and (d) avoid food waste [4] Along with the rapid development in technology over recent decades, significant efforts have been undertaken to design and apply technologies helping to fight emerging food production issues [5]
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