Potential Biomarkers in Stroke and Current Therapeutics

Abstract

Stroke is a brain injury where a sudden interruption of the blood supply in brain part and the brain does not receive the enough blood flow due to which there is a lack of oxygen and glucose and without blood supply the brain cells begin to die (cerebral infarction) and cause brain damage. So there is a need to understand the pathophysiology and to effective biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke and may help to enhance the current clinical outcome of stroke. Various biomarkers are associated with the pathophysiologic mechanism and they may help in stroke assessment, diagnosis, prognosis or treatment. There is a higher rate of morbidity and mortality in stroke. Hence a better pharmacological management is desired for the fast recovery and treatment from stroke. Thrombolytics, antihypertensive, anti-platelet therapy, antioxidants, rehabilitation technique and their combinations e.g. Aspirin and clopidogrel, Aspirin and dipyridamole, ramipril and telmisartan, IgGglial cell-lined derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) and IgG – tumor necrosis factor receptor(TNFR) etc. and various surgical treatment such as carotid endarterectomy, stereotactic radiosurgery, hypothermia, revascularization of the blood supply, endovascular treatment of aneurysms and angioplasty and stenting of vessels in the neck and brain are also required for the beneficial outcomes in future. Key-wordsStroke, Biomarker, Pathophysiology, Combinational therapy, Surgical treatment -------------------------------------------------IJLSSR----------------------------------------------INTRODUCTION Stroke is a neurological disease which cause of disability and death (1). The blood supply of brain in stroke is obstructed because of ischemia and hemorrhage which causes the brain dysfunctioning. Ischemia caused by blockage in blood vessels via thrombosis and arterial embolism vasoconstriction. In ischemia reduction in sufficient blood flow to alter the normal cellular function (2). Stroke has two major categories of brain ischemia one is global-ischemia and other one is focal ischemia. In focal ischemia models, the middle cerebral artery is occluded, either temporarily (vessels are blocked up to 3 hrs) or permanently (vessels) are blocked usually for one or more days) to allow the reperfusion (3-4). Access this article online Quick Response Code: Website: www.ijlssr.com