Potential Antimalarial Activity from Alcoholic Extracts of Wild &lt;em&gt;Salvia palaestina&lt;/em&gt; Leaves

S Jaber,S Abu-Lafi,M Qutob,Q Aburemeleh,A Asharif,M Akkawi

doi:10.19026/bjpt.4.5402

Abstract

Malaria threatens the lives of more than one third of the world’s population; it is a major cause of human deaths. As a result of the emergence of resistant strains of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> to common antimalarial drugs, the search for new antimalarial drugs is urgently needed. Hemozoin synthesis is an indispensable process for the parasite survival and is the target of action for several known antimalarial drugs. Sage, <em>Salvia palaestina</em>, is an aromatic Mediterranean plant. Its leaves have been used over centuries in Palestinian traditional medicine and are now being investigated for potential antimalarial activity. This study reveals the antimalarial activity of crude and HPLC separated fractions tested using two methods; the inhibition of ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) bio- mineralization: semi-quantitative micro-assay used by Deharo and a previously self-developed quantitative in vitro method. Reversed phase preparative liquid chromatography coupled to Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector was used to isolate and enrich eight fractions. Three fractions showed promising antimalarial activity. The crude alcoholic extract of sage leaves seems to have the potential of an antimalarial drug; it prevents β-hematin formation with an efficiency of about 72% when compared to the standard Chloroquine which gave 93% at comparable concentrations of chloroquine and extract.

Highlights

Malaria is a disease of poverty, where it is concentrated in the tropical areas mostly of developing countries; it is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases
In a continuation to verify the efficacy of traditional medicines against malaria, Salvia palaestina was investigated. The target of this investigation is to develop a rapid analytical High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method that scans the active constituents from 35% ethanolic crude Salvia palaestina followed by enrichment and isolation of the active antimalarial fractions by using reversed phase preparative chromatography coupled with photo diode array detector
The same mobile phase was used and the gradient elution was set for a liner gradient starting from (90% of eluent A and 10% eluent B) up to (50% of eluent A and 50% eluent B) for 20 minutes and the preparative HPLC system was washed for 10 min with 90% ACN to elute any lipophilic compounds from the column

Summary

Introduction

Malaria is a disease of poverty, where it is concentrated in the tropical areas mostly of developing countries; it is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases. The target of this investigation is to develop a rapid analytical HPLC method that scans the active constituents from 35% ethanolic crude Salvia palaestina followed by enrichment and isolation of the active antimalarial fractions by using reversed phase preparative chromatography coupled with photo diode array detector.

Results

Conclusion