Abstract
Leishmaniasis are a neglected tropical diseases that affecting 98 countries on three continents. Every year, 1.3 million of people are infected with the disease and 50.000 persons die because of this. The aim of this work was to evaluate antileishmanial activities in vitro from native species of South of Brazil belonging to the Myrtaceae family. The essential oils from leaves of Calyptranthes grandifolia, Calyptranthes tricona, Eugenia anomala, Eugenia arenosa, Eugenia pyriformis, Myrrhinium atropurpureum and Psidium salutare were analyzed in vitro for antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, employed MTT assay. The essential oils from leaves of C. grandifolia, C. tricona, E. arenosa and E. pyriformis presented IC50 values of 31.27 ± 6.40 µg/mL, 26.13 ± 8.60 µg/mL, 13.72 ± 8.65 µg/mL and 19.73 ± 5.40 µg/mL, respectively, and not are statistically different from pentamidine (IC50 = 23.22 ± 9.04 µg/mL), the reference drug. The results show the potential of essential oils from leaves of C. grandifolia, C. tricona, E. arenosa and E. pyriformis as antileishmanial, as well as the importance of continuing studies to in order to advance in the search and development of new therapeutic options from of brazilian flora sources.
Highlights
Leishmaniasis are considered a neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), affecting 98 countries on three continents, with Brazil among the countries where visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneuos leishmaniasis (MCL) are more frequent, ie, it is considered an endemic area
Among the causes related to the propagation of this NTD can be cited unfavorable socioeconomic conditions, malnutrition, climate and environmental changes, increased of migration populational, conflicts, coinfection with HIV that generates immunosuppression, accelerated urbanization (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015; WHO, 2016)
The yield of essential oils obtained from fresh leaves of Calyptranthes grandifolia O.Berg, Calyptranthes tricona D.Legrand, Eugenia anomala D.Legrand, Eugenia arenosa Mattos, Eugenia pyriformis Cambess., Myrrhinium atropurpureum Schott and Psidium salutare var. sericeum (Cambess.) Landrum were, respectively, 0.096%, 0.150%, 0.070%, 0.078%, 0.052%, 1.120%, 0.980% (w/w)
Summary
Leishmaniasis are considered a neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), affecting 98 countries on three continents, with Brazil among the countries where visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneuos leishmaniasis (MCL) are more frequent, ie, it is considered an endemic area. NTDs are generally infections diseases, prevalent in tropical or subtropical regions, which typically affect the poorest populations. Medications for the treatment of NTDs are generally not research targets of the pharmaceutical industries, and the people affected by these diseases suffer from the deficiency of effective and safe pharmacotherapy. The solution for NTDs is complex, is necessary to improve people's living conditions, increase investment in research and development, as well as provide access to preventive or curative therapy for all populations, especially in developing countries C. Dias, Dessoy, Guido, Oliva, & Andricopulo, 2013)
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