Abstract
Therapeutic strategies of plant origin are a better choice as both dietary plant products or its isolated active constituents against the development and progression of cancer. The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of sumac (Rhus coriaria) against different human cancer MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 cell lines. In addition, the study tries to explore a prospective mechanism of action, assessment of in vitro enzyme-inhibitory capacity of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. In the present study, the potential antitumor effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria) were explored in the human cancer cell lines; MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 using in vitro assays. Apoptotic, cell survival, ELISA immunoassays were also conducted to reveal the inhibitory effects of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. In addition, both Clioquinol and Acetazolamide (AZM) were used as standards to explore the in vitro enzyme-inhibitory capacity of sumac extract against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. The hydro-alcoholic extract of R. coriaria (Sumac) was subjected to phytochemical analysis using GC/MS assays. Sumac at non-cytotoxic doses of 50 and 100 µM significantly modulates the growth of the MCF-7, PC-3, and SKOV3 cancer cells with a higher inhibitory effect and selectivity to carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms; hCA I, II, hCA IX, and XII. The data showed that sumac at doses of 50 and 100 µM significantly inhibited the growth, proliferation, and viability of cancer cells by activating the apoptotic process via caspase-3 overexpression and the regulation of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein.
Highlights
Cancer is the most common disease that is causing a growing health problem globally
Gallic acid, isohyperoside, dihydroxy methyl xanthone, β-Sitosterol-hexoside, α-Tocopherol, and linoleic acid were identified at their respective retention times (RTs) in the sumac fruit extract as shown in
The results showed that sumac extract at higher doses; 50 and 100 μg/ml significantly inhibited the overexpressed carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms
Summary
Cancer is the most common disease that is causing a growing health problem globally. It greatly affects millions of people and significantly continues to increase rapidly for the following years [1].A steady decline in overall deaths was reported by approx. 1.5% per year among cancer patients following early diagnosis and treatment interventions [2]. Cancer is the most common disease that is causing a growing health problem globally. It greatly affects millions of people and significantly continues to increase rapidly for the following years [1]. Dietary plant products either whole products or isolated active constituents play a potential protective role against the development and progression of cancer disease, including BC [4,5,6,7,8]. New therapeutic advances that use plant-derived phytochemicals as a source of clinically active anti-cancer agents are highly appreciated [11]
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