Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the whitening effects of rutin and rutin metabolites including 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DHPAA), 3-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (HPAA), 3,4-dihydroxytolene (DHT) and homovanillic acid (HVA). The potent whitening effect of rutin and rutin metabolites were determined by mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay and expressed as the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against tyrosinase activity in vitro. The HVA showed the highest inhibitory effect (IC50=37.10 μM) of tyrosinase activity, followed by DHPAA (IC50=45.87 μM), HPAA (IC50=50.96 μM), rutin (IC50=57.98 μM), and DHT (IC50=66.09 μM), respectively. To evaluate cell cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed with JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells and expressed as a relative percentage of untreated control. The results showed that rutin and rutin metabolites had no cytotoxic effects on JB6 P+ cells up to 100 μM except for DHT (up to 50 μM). These results suggests that rutin metabolites may be utilized as a potential tyrosinase inhibitors and the whitening agents for the future.
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