Potent and Specific Inhibition of Human Leukocyte Elastase, Cathepsin G and Proteinase 3 by Sulfone Derivatives Employing the 1,2,5-Thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 Dioxide Scaffold

Abstract

This paper describes the results of structure–activity relationship studies in a series of heterocyclic mechanism-based inhibitors based on the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold I and capable of interacting with the S n and S n′ subsites of a serine proteinase. Sulfone derivatives of I were found to be highly effective, time-dependent inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE), cathepsin G (Cat G) and proteinase 3 (PR 3). The judicious selection of an R 1 group (accommodated at the primary specificity site S 1) that is based on the known substrate specificity of a target serine proteinase, was found to yield highly selective inhibitors. The presence of a benzyl group (R 2=benzyl) at the S 2 subsite was found to lead to a pronounced enhancement in inhibitory potency. Furthermore, the effective use of computer graphics and modeling has led to the design of potent, water-soluble inhibitors. The results of these studies demonstrate that the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1, dioxide platform provides an effective means for appending recognition elements in a well-defined vector relationship, and in fashioning highly-selective and potent inhibitors of serine proteinases.