Potency of Ethanol Extract from Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) Fruit Rind and Flesh as Antibacterial Agents

Abstract

Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) fruit is widely used by the community in East Java as traditional medicine. The objectives of this research were to determine the antibacterial activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract of berenuk’s fruit rind and flesh against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Berenuk’s fruit rind and flesh were extracted with 70% (v/v) ethanol by maceration method. Phytochemical screening was performed by Harborne method. Antibacterial activity and MIC of the extracts were analyzed using disc diffusion method by bacterial concentration of 106 CFU/mL. The result showed that ethanol extract of berenuk’s fruit rind contained alkaloid, saponin, tannin, and flavonoid, while ethanol extract of fruit flesh contained alkaloid and flavonoid. Antibacterial analysis showed no inhibition zone on both extracts against E. coli. Ethanol extract of berenuk’s fruit rind showed inhibition zone only on the growth of S. aureus at the concentration of 80% (w/v) and 100% (w/v). The MIC of ethanol extract of berenuk’s fruit rind on S. aureus growth obtained at a concentration of 65% (w/v).