Abstract
The potable water use recorded by 3 579 residential consumer water meters in Cape Town, South Africa, was analysed as part of this research. The focus was on selected residential properties in serviced areas, with additional private access to groundwater as a supplementary household water source. Private consumers in South Africa are not normally required to report on, or meter, groundwater use. The research team analysed records of an extensive, compulsory registration process for supplementary on-site water sources that was introduced by the City of Cape Town during the prolonged drought between 2004 and 2005. The main objective of this research was to determine the average annual water demand of residential properties serviced via the potable water distribution system, with additional registered access to a supplementary on-site groundwater source. Geo-referencing was employed to determine the approximate coordinate of each property, with subsequent one-by-one verification of each address. The data set initially contained 4 487 properties, but after filtering and verification 3 579 consumers remained in the data set for further analyses. The unique property code was identified for each verified property in order to link the attributes of consumers with access to on-site groundwater sources to their corresponding water meter records, so that the potable water demand for these stands could be analysed. The annual average water demand of the properties was subsequently obtained and analysed for two separate periods, namely, 2010 and 2014. The water use, categorised according to stand size, was similar for both periods. The results showed that consumers with access to groundwater used only about 65% of the estimated average annual water demand when compared to applicable water demand guidelines.
Highlights
Some earlier studies (Garlipp, 1978; Simpson, 1990; Elphinstone and Van der Linde, 1990; Maclear, 1995) have addressed the issue of private groundwater use and culminated in a limited body of literature
The two main objectives of this study were to assess the spatial distribution of private groundwater use in terms of the number of properties, where such use was registered, and to determine the average annual daily water demand (AADD) from the water distribution system of the corresponding properties, based on consumer water meter readings
The results show relatively low AADD values for all stand size classes when compared to recent guidelines for estimating domestic water demand (Jacobs et al, 2004; Van Zyl et al, 2008), as could be expected for residential properties where supplementary water sources were used
Summary
Some earlier studies (Garlipp, 1978; Simpson, 1990; Elphinstone and Van der Linde, 1990; Maclear, 1995) have addressed the issue of private groundwater use and culminated in a limited body of literature. The two main objectives of this study were to assess the spatial distribution of private groundwater use in terms of the number of properties, where such use was registered, and to determine the average annual daily water demand (AADD) from the water distribution system of the corresponding properties, based on consumer water meter readings. A personal on-site household water source is a supplementary water source to piped municipal supply for residential consumers (Jacobs et al, 2011). Such sources would be privately owned, installed, managed, operated and maintained by the home owner, or occupant.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
