Abstract
Current guidelines for estimating the average annual residential water demand (AADD) in South Africa are based on residential plot size. This paper presents a novel, robust method for estimating suburban water demand as a function of the suburb area. Seventy suburbs, identified as being predominantly residential, were selected for analysis from the largest urban metropolitan area in South Africa. A linear relationship was noted between the total suburb water demand and two land cover areas, namely, the total suburb area and total residential plot area. The average demand for the 70 suburbs based on suburb area was 6.6 kl∙d −1 ·ha −1 , with 90% of the values in the range between 4.4 kl∙d −1 ·ha −1 and 8.7 kl∙d −1 ·ha −1 . The average demand was 10.4 kl∙d −1 ·ha −1 for calculation based on the residential area. The results are useful when crude estimates of AADD are required for planning new land developments. Keywords: urban water demand, suburb area, residential
Highlights
Land development and water demandGuidelines for residential average annual water demand (AADD) based on plot size were introduced to the South African Civil Engineering fraternity before 1960
This paper presented the first comprehensive analysis of annual average suburban water demand on an area-wide scale in South Africa
The difference between the suburban AADD results based on ASUB and ARES was due to the percentage of residential cover in a suburb; an average of 63% cover was found for all suburbs
Summary
Guidelines for residential average annual water demand (AADD) based on plot size were introduced to the South African Civil Engineering fraternity before 1960. The AADD still forms the basis of calculations performed during the design and analysis of water distribution systems. One of the first steps in planning water services for land development is to obtain an estimate of the water requirement of the potential future land users, both in terms of the expected AADD and peak flows. This research project focused on residential land use and the AADD, which is still applied in South African practice as a basis for estimating residential peak flows.
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