Post-Traumatic Growth Following Bereavement Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Childhood bereavement is a significant event with potential long-term impacts on development. Despite growing interest in post-traumatic growth (PTG) following traumatic events, research specifically addressing PTG in the context of childhood bereavement remains sparse. This systematic review consolidates findings from six quantitative and six qualitative studies exploring PTG in children and adolescents bereaved of a parent, other family members, or a friend. The analysis reveals that bereaved young individuals are capable of experiencing considerable growth post-loss. However, the relationship between age and PTG levels is not clearly established, leaving a gap in the developmental underpinning for PTG. This review suggests that PTG often manifests within a few years post-bereavement but may decline over time. Unexpected loss is marginally associated with greater PTG, whereas there is no evidence to suggest that closeness of the relationship with the deceased correlates with PTG. Qualitative studies revealed three core themes of PTG among bereaved youths: positive transformations in overall relationships, personal development, and changed life outlook. Growth aspects unique to this population were further identified. The study highlights unexplored areas in PTG research, particularly emphasizing the necessity of integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies to address the intricacies of post-childhood-loss transformation, which is essential for developing effective, person-centred clinical services for children.