Postnatal development of sound pressure transformations by the head and pinnae of the cat: Binaural characteristics

Abstract

There are three acoustical cues to sound location: Interaural time differences (ITDs), interaural level differences (ILDs), and monaural spectral shape cues. During development, the increasing interaural distance and pinnae size associated with a growing head and pinnae result in localization cues that change continuously until maturation is complete. Here the authors report measurements of both the physical dimensions of the head and pinnae, as well as acoustical measurements of the binaural localization cues of cats aged 1.3 weeks to adulthood. For a given source location, ILD magnitude tended to increase with both frequency and age. Moreover, the range of significant ILD production (approximately 10 dB) shifted with age from higher to lower frequencies. ITD magnitude increased with age. Partial correlation analyses revealed that increasing pinnae size accounted for approximately 31% of the variance in the development of ILDs while increasing head size accounted for virtually none. On the other hand, increases in both the head and pinnae sizes contributed to the development of the ITD cues accounting for approximately 71% and approximately 25% of the variance, respectively. ILD and ITD cues in cats reach maturity by approximately 16 and approximately 22 weeks, respectively, which match the time period over which the pinnae and head dimensions reach maturity.