Abstract
Three yeast strains, namely Cryptococcus albidus (Ca63), Cryptococcus albidus (Ca64), and Candida parapsilosis (Yett1006), and their combinations, including single yeast agent, two combined yeast strains, single yeast agent + NaHCO3, single yeast agent + chitosan, single yeast agent + ascorbic acid, and single yeast agent + konjac powder, were evaluated for their activity against Botrytis cinerea, the most economically important fungal pathogens causing postharvest disease of snap beans. In in vitro tests, no inhibition zone was observed in dual cultures of three yeast strains and B. cinerea. The mycelial growth inhibition rates of B. cinerea for Ca63, Ca64, and Yett1006 were 97%, 95%, and 97%, respectively. In in vivo tests, the optimal combination of the lowest disease index of snap beans with B. cinerea was Ca63 + Ca64, with a preventing effect of 75%. The decay rate and rust spots index of Ca64 + ascorbic acid combination were 25% and 20%, respectively, which were the lowest. The activities of defense-related enzymes increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was suppressed in snap beans after different treatments. Our results highlight the potential of the three yeast strains and their combinations as new nonpolluting agents for the integrated control of B. cinerea on snap beans.
Highlights
Snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. chinensis Hort.) are soft-pod variants of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) [1]
Fungal spores usually occur on the surface of fruits, and in the process of postharvest treatment the pods of snap beans can provide a suitable environment for spore germination [7]
A large number of studies have shown that the combination of biocontrol agents and food additives can improve the control effect of postharvest diseases of citrus, apple, lemon, tomato, carrot, pepper, cucumber, pomegranate, strawberry, cherry, kiwi fruit, loquat and other fruits and vegetables [20,22,23,24,25,26]
Summary
Snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. chinensis Hort.) are soft-pod variants of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) [1]. A large number of studies have shown that the combination of biocontrol agents (yeast, Pseudomonas syringae, Pantoea agglomerans, Bacillus subtilis, etc.) and food additives (such as chitosan, D-2-deoxyglucose, sodium bicarbonate, ascorbic acid, konjac powder, etc.) can improve the control effect of postharvest diseases of citrus, apple, lemon, tomato, carrot, pepper, cucumber, pomegranate, strawberry, cherry, kiwi fruit, loquat and other fruits and vegetables [20,22,23,24,25,26]. Many postharvest diseases are caused by wound pathogens, and the complete control of these diseases is achieved by using a rapidly growing and environmentally friendly agent One of these strategies relies on the application of edible films and coatings as food-quality preservers using biopolymers (e.g., chitosan) [23,28]. The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of three biocontrol yeasts for the postharvest preservation of snap beans in a better way
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