Post-translational Arginylation of Calreticulin: A NEW ISOSPECIES OF CALRETICULIN COMPONENT OF STRESS GRANULES

María B Decca,Marcos A Carpio,Christophe Bosc,Mauricio R Galiano,Didier Job,Annie Andrieux,Marta E Hallak

doi:10.1074/jbc.m608559200

Abstract

Post-translational arginylation consists of the covalent union of an arginine residue to a Glu, Asp, or Cys amino acid at the N-terminal position of proteins. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme arginyl-tRNA protein transferase. Using mass spectrometry, we have recently demonstrated in vitro the post-translational incorporation of arginine into the calcium-binding protein calreticulin (CRT). To further study arginylated CRT we raised an antibody against the peptide (RDPAIYFK) that contains an arginine followed by the first 7 N-terminal amino acids of mature rat CRT. This antibody specifically recognizes CRT obtained from rat soluble fraction that was arginylated in vitro and also recognizes endogenous arginylated CRT from NIH 3T3 cells in culture, indicating that CRT arginylation takes place in living cells. Using this antibody we found that arginylation of CRT is Ca2+-regulated. In vitro and in NIH 3T3 cells in culture, the level of arginylated CRT increased with the addition of a Ca2+ chelator to the medium, whereas a decreased arginine incorporation into CRT was found in the presence of Ca2+. The arginylated CRT was observed in the cytosol, in contrast to the non-arginylated CRT that is in the endoplasmic reticulum. Under stress conditions, arginylated CRT was found associated to stress granules. These results suggest that CRT arginylation occurs in the cytosolic pool of mature CRT (defined by an Asp acid N-terminal) that is probably retrotranslocated from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Highlights

The complex mechanism of post-translational modification of proteins is important for the regulation of cell functions
Arginylated CRT Colocalizes with Stress Granules—After TG treatment of NIH 3T3 cells (Fig. 3A, e and h), we found that the rabbit anti-arginylated-CRT (R-CRT) is sequestered into clusters similar to the punctate cytoplasmic aggregates found in stress granules (SGs) (32)
In the present study we demonstrated that cells, SG formation was not induced and no colocalization of CRT, recently identified as an in vitro arginine acceptor by mass

Summary

A NEW ISOSPECIES OF CALRETICULIN COMPONENT OF STRESS GRANULES*

Post-translational arginylation consists of the covalent union of an arginine residue to a Glu, Asp, or Cys amino acid at the N-terminal position of proteins This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme arginyl-tRNA protein transferase. To further study arginylated CRT we raised an antibody against the peptide (RDPAIYFK) that contains an arginine followed by the first 7 N-terminal amino acids of mature rat CRT. This antibody recognizes CRT obtained from rat soluble fraction that was arginylated in vitro and recognizes endogenous arginylated CRT from NIH 3T3 cells in culture, indicating that CRT arginylation takes place in living cells. In the present study we demonstrate that arginylation of CRT occurs on a cytosolic pool of mature CRT and that this modification is regulated by Ca2ϩ

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

RESULTS

DISCUSSION