Post-Operative Wound Infections and its Risk Factors in Surgical Wards at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

Abstract

Post-operative wound infections are a pressing concern in surgical wards, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and prolonged hospital stays. This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of postoperative wound infections in the surgical wards of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional design was employed, encompassing 300 participants who underwent surgical procedures at the hospital. Structured questionnaires and observational techniques were used to collect data on demographic attributes, hand hygiene practices, dressing techniques, sterilization procedures, environmental cleanliness, and patient-related elements. The study revealed that among the participants, 135 (45.0%) practiced hand washing before dressing, while 198 (66.0%) practiced hand washing after dressing. The dressing technique of the doctor or nurse was perceived as proper by 154 participants (51.3%), while 174 (58.0%) reported that dressing materials were sterilized. Moreover, 183 participants (61.0%) perceived the bed sheets to be clean, while 161 (53.7%) considered the cleanliness of the patient's dress to be satisfactory. Additionally, 196 participants (65.3%) reported that the instruments used were sterilized, and 191 (63.7%) found the arrangement of the trolley to be proper. Statistical analyses were performed to assess relationships between variables. No significant relationship was found between educational status and cleanliness of bed sheets (χ² = 0.41, df = 3, p > 0.05), or between educational status and cleanliness of the patient's dress (χ² = 10.38, df = 3, p > 0.05). These results suggest that educational status may not significantly impact these aspects of infection control. The study underscores the complex nature of postoperative wound infections and infection control practices. Findings align with previous research on surgical site infections (SSIs) and emphasize the importance of standardized protocols, consistent surveillance, and context-specific interventions. The study's contributions offer valuable insights for optimizing infection control strategies in similar healthcare settings. Through the implementation of recommended strategies, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital and other healthcare institutions can enhance infection control practices, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced rates of post-operative wound infections.