Possible interactive effects of demographic factors and stress coping mechanisms on depression and anxiety in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the possible interactive effects of age, sex, duration of hemodialysis (HD), educational and income levels, and stress coping mechanisms on depression and anxiety in patients on maintenance HD. Methods Uremic patients ( N=416), regularly undergoing HD for more than 1 year, who did not have apparent cerebrovascular disease or serious intellectual impairment, were investigated. The interactive effects of age, sex, duration of HD, and educational and income levels, in relation to stress coping mechanisms, on depression or anxiety were assessed by hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results Regression lines illustrating significant ( P<.05) interactions were constructed. The decrease in depression accompanying the increase in task-oriented stress coping was greater in highly educated patients than it was in the other patients. Anxiety levels decreased when patients had both high income and demonstrated a range of task-oriented stress coping mechanisms. For patients undergoing HD for long duration, or with a relatively high income, the decrease of depression and anxiety accompanying a decrease of emotion-oriented stress coping was greater, as compared with other patients. The decrease of depression accompanying an increase of avoidance-oriented stress coping was greater in patients with low income and in older patients than it was in the other patients. Conclusions These findings may lead to the development of specific and focused interventions for depression or anxiety in maintenance HD patients.