Abstract
Cellular damage due to oxidative stress had been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including diabetes mellitus. This study was to investigate possible amelioration of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus by aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Wistar rats weighing 200 -250g was divided into nine groups with 6 rats per group. The main test group has 5 groups while the group for assessing possible mechanism had 4 groups. Group 1 (control) and group 2(non-diabetic) received orally per kg body weight; 0.5ml distilled water and 130mg of Terminalia catappa respectively. Group 3 (diabetic), group 4 (diabetic + extract) and group 5 (diabetic + insulin) also respectively received 0.5ml distilled water, 130mg Terminalia. catappa extract and 0.75UI insulin subcutaneously. Groups 6, 7, 8 and 9 administered orally with aspirin; 30mg/kg, meloxicam; 2mg/kg and combination of extract with aspirin and meloxicam respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 days and glucose level ≥ 200mg/dl was considered diabetic following intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan. Results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), malondialdehyde (MDA) and a significant (p<0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) in diabetic group compared with control. The LDL and MDA were significantly (p<0.05) reduced while SOD increased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with diabetic group and the control following administration of Terminalia catappa, aspirin, meloxicam and insulin. The leaf extract of Terminalia catappa possess possible ameliorating potential on oxidative stress induced damages by impeding lipid peroxidation but improved on antioxidant enzyme in diabetic condition.
Highlights
The role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications has been established [1]
Diabetes induced oxidative stress and possible intervention was assessed by determining the lipid peroxidation biomarker; Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) respectively in addition to low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level using leaf extract of Terminalia catappa, aspirin, meloxicam and insulin
The result of this research showed significant increase in serum level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in diabetic untreated group compared to the non-diabetic control group
Summary
The role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications has been established [1]. The oxidative stress driven complications of diabetes mellitus is attributed to alterations of cellular structures with resultant imbalance in physiological processes [3]. Disturbance in lipid profile of the body resulting from diabetes mellitus increases the vulnerability of the cells to lipid peroxidation [4]. Following this existence of abnormality in lipid metabolism, diabetes poses high risk on health which is classified as macrovascular (stroke, peripheral vascular diseases, coronary heart disease) and microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) complications and these accounts for the high mortality rate associated with this disease [5]
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