Abstract
The nutritional and functional characteristics of dietary fat are related to the fatty acid (FA) composition and its positional distribution in the triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction. Atlantic salmon is an important source of healthy long chain omega 3 FA (particularly, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docoxahexaenoic (DHA) acids). However, the impact of lipid sources in salmon feeds on the regiospecificity of FA in the fish TAG remains to be explored. The present study determines the effect of feeding salmon with blends of palm, rapeseed, and fish oil, providing two different EPA + DHA concentrations (high: H-ED 10.3% and low: L-ED 4.6%) on the fillet lipid class composition and the positional distribution of FA in TAG and phospholipids. The regiospecific analysis of fillet TAG showed that around 50% of the EPA and around 80% of DHA was located in the sn-2 position. The positional distribution of FA in phosphatidylcholine (PC), showed that around 80% of the EPA and around 90% of DHA were located in the sn-2. Fish fed the vegetable-rich diets showed higher EPA in the sn-2 position in PC (77% vs. 83% in the H-ED and L-ED diets, respectively) but similar DHA concentrations. It is concluded that feeding salmon with different EPA + DHA concentrations does not affect their positional distribution in the fillet TAG.
Highlights
Regiospecificity refers to the positioning of a single fatty acid in the glycerol backbone to conform triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL) [1]
The present study aims to determine the impact of feeding salmon with blends of palm, rapeseed, and Fish oil (FO) providing two eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations on the positional distribution of fatty acids in TAG and PL
The fatty acid composition of the salmon fillet reflected that of the diet, with significantly higher concentration of the characteristic fatty acids from FO, C14:0, EPA, C22:1 and DHA in fish fed the H-ED diet (Table 1)
Summary
Regiospecificity refers to the positioning of a single fatty acid in the glycerol backbone to conform triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL) [1]. To our knowledge, there is a lack of studies in salmon assessing the effects of dietary oil sources on the positional distribution of fatty acids in TAG and PL. The positional distribution of fatty acids in TAG can be analyzed by enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic, and spectrometric methods [12]. Both enzymatic methods with lipases and 13C NMR have been used for FO TAG analysis [13,14]. The two methods for FO analysis, enzymatic with pancreatic lipase and 13C NMR, are compared
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