Abstract
Objective: To assess the position, location, and distribution of maxillary displaced canines in a sample of Japanese population and to develop a classification for the maxillary displaced canine depending on the position in order to facilitate proper diagnosis of this frequently encountered clinical problem. Methods: Cone beam computed tomographic scans of 287 Japanese orthodontic patients (mean age 11.2 ± 1.8 years) with maxillary displaced canines were collected from private dental clinics in Himeji city, Japan. The maxillary displaced canines were evaluated and classified into ten different groups (Types A-J) according to their position and location. Results: Type B in which the canine is in a vertical position behind the lateral incisor causing root resorption in the apical one third of the lateral incisor was the most common (47%) followed by Types A and C in which the canine is either impacted in a mesioangular position behind the central incisor root causing root resorption in the apical one third of the central incisor or impacted in a vertical position between the lateral incisor and the first premolar without causing root resorption (17.1% and 16%) respectively. Types I and J were the rarest (0.4%). Conclusion: Maxillary displaced canines were classified into ten different groups according to their positions and locations because of the high variations. The development and standardization of a defined classification is essential for proper diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.
Highlights
Permanent canines are considered strategic because of their roles in establishing the dental arch form, involvement in the esthetic smile, and contribution to the functional occlusion
Almost half of the maxillary displaced canine (MDC) were classified as Type B (47%) where the canine is in vertical position behind the lateral incisor causing resorption of the apical one third if its root
Type A where the canine is in a mesioangular position behind the central incisor root causing resorption in the apical one third of the central incisor accounted for 17.1% of the cases
Summary
Permanent canines are considered strategic because of their roles in establishing the dental arch form, involvement in the esthetic smile, and contribution to the functional occlusion. They are the second most frequently impacted or displaced teeth after the third molars. Proper localization of the impacted canine plays an essential role in determining the probability of the surgical approaches and the best access to use, as well as the proper direction of orthodontic forces application [1,2,3,4]. In Asian subjects, the impacted canines were usually midalveolus or labial, and the prevalence ratio of European: Asian for a palatal position has been reported to be 5:1 [4,5,6,7]
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