POS-857 RISK FACTORS AND SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: A DOUBLE CENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 is considered both a marker of disease severity and a negative prognostic factor for survival. Reported data on AKI in COVID-19 patients in the Philippines is very limited. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors and short-term outcomes of AKI in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Cebu. This retrospective, double-center, observational cohort study was done in two separate private tertiary hospitals under the same institution in Cebu. A total of 535 patients were included in this study and all data were gathered through chart review. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors and the association between the stages of AKI and in-hospital mortality. A p-value < 0.05 (two-tailed) was considered statistically significant. Among 535 patients included in this study, AKI developed in 150 (28%). Median age was 65 years and 60.67% were males. Hypertension (74%), diabetes mellitus (50%), and chronic kidney disease (19.33%) were the most common co-morbid conditions and were frequently observed in stage 3 AKI. The peak stages of AKI were stage 1 in 32%, stage 2 in 18.67% and stage 3 in 49.3%. Of these, 35.3% required renal replacement therapy (RRT). The risk factors identified included age, hypertension, CKD, proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria, procalcitonin, mechanical ventilator use, vasopressor use, ICU admission, and illness severity. AKI was observed in greater frequency among patients with respiratory failure, with 67.9% of patients on mechanical ventilation developing AKI compared to only 15% in non-ventilated patients. Among 53 patients who required RRT, 46 (86.79%) were intubated. The median time of intubation to AKI diagnosis was 24 hours. Furthermore, 63% of patients with AKI had major adverse kidney events with in-hospital mortality accounting for 56.6%. The odds of mortality increased by 1.4 times for every increase in AKI stage. Additionally, a total of 113 patients died and of these, 85 (75.2%) had AKI. Acute kidney injury occurred in more than one-fourth of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Its development occurs in temporal association with respiratory failure and the time of intubation. The rate of in-hospital mortality was significantly higher among patients with AKI. Furthermore, there is a stepwise increase in the mortality rate for every increase in the severity of AKI.