Abstract
Nephrocalcinosis is defined by the presence of calcium deposits in the renal tubules resulting from an imbalance between lithogenesis promoters and lithogenesis inhibitors. The diagnosis can be made with ultrasonography. We seek to study the particularities of this disorder in adults and its etiologies. This is a retrospective study of the macroscopic nephrocalcinosis cases in adults treated in our department from January 1986 to October 2020 26 cases were diagnosed at a mean age of 35.28 years old with extremes ranging from 11 to 79 years old. The sex ratio M/F was 1. More than half of the patients had a family history of urolithiasis. Nephrocalcinosis was suspected following renal colic in 13 cases, a polyuropolydipsic syndrome in 4 case, a hypokaliemia in 2 case, an urolithiasis in 2 case and a renal impairment in 2 case. In 3 case, the diagnosis was made fortuitly with an ultrasonography. The etiologies found were: familial distal tubular acidosis (6 cases), distal tubular acidosis caused by Sjögren’s syndrome (4 cases), primitive oxalosis (3 case), Cacci Ricci syndrome (3 cases), familial hypomagnesemia hypercalciuria (2 case), Dent syndrome (1 case) and no causes found (7 cases). Follow-up showed stabilization of renal function in 18 cases and the evolution into chronic kidney disease in 6 cases: 2 of them requiring renal replacement therapy after 5 years and the other died. Nephrocalcinosis is prevalent both in children and adults. Its etiologies are numerous. Most of the metabolic disorders are genetic. The diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis requires a deep investigation with a global clinical assessment, laboratory tests and radiological evaluation. The final objective is to prevent ESKD.
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