Porovnání zániku služebního poměru vojáka z povolání a skončení pracovního poměru zaměstnance coby možného následku pravomocného odsouzení v trestním řízení

Abstract

This study is focused on the consequences of a final conviction in criminal proceedings on the military service of a professional soldier in comparison with the employment of an employee. To provide a better understanding, a basic description of termination of both relationships is offered prior to examination of the main subject of the paper. Further on, the consequences of a final conviction in criminal proceedings on the military service of a professional soldier and on the employment of an employee are reviewed with a finding of great similarities. First of all, before the very formation of the relationship, a candidate’s clean criminal record is a must-have in case of military service and might be a must-have in case of some (specific) employment. Secondly, in case of a conviction and sentence to imprisonment (with no specific length of imprisonment) for an intentional crime, a professional soldier must be dismissed from the military service but an employee may (in regular cases) be dismissed only if they are sentenced to imprisonment for six (or twelve) months for an intentional crime. Finally, the study offers proposals de lege ferenda. One of them is to remove the necessity of giving a convicted soldier an extra two months after the final conviction is delivered by court before soldier’s military service is terminated. Another is to dispose of the limitation for the employer consisting of the prohibition of termination of employment with protected employees (pregnant employee, employee on maternity or paternal leave).