Abstract
The great number of actors in port city regions, such as port authorities, municipalities, national governments, private companies, societal groups, and flora and fauna, need to develop shared visions. Collaborative approaches that focus on combined values can help achieve long-term resilience and enable a sustainable and just coexistence of port and city actors within the same territory. However, the sheer focus on economic profit generated by port activities overshadows and ignores equally essential cultural, societal, and environmental values and needs. The lack of pluralities in planning and decision-making processes creates challenges for the cohabitation of the many actors and their interests within port-city regions. On the one hand, contemporary spaces in port cities cannot be classified and defined by traditional dichotomies anymore. On the other hand, the perception of spatial and institutional boundaries between port and city leads to a positivistic-driven definition of a rigid and inflexible, line-like interface physically and mentally separating the port from the urban activities and stakeholders, neglecting the inseparable character of many parts of our society. By investigating and re-imagining the future port-development plans within the historic mining town of Kirkenes, located around 400 km above the Arctic Circle in Northern Norway, the aim of this article is to explore and combine the concepts of negative and positive porosity and liminality and arrive at a renewed perception of the port cityscape, which can function as dynamic thresholds inbetween the multiple dualities and realities of various port and city actors. The article bridges the theoretical/conceptual sphere of urban porosity and the practical approaches of liminal design. By using Design Fiction as a tool for creating new, innovative, and pluralistic port city narratives, the article contributes to contemporary research that aims for imaginary, value-based, and history-informed approaches to designing future-proof, resilient, just, and sustainable port cities.
Highlights
To the construction and expansion of infrastruc‐ ture and facilities supporting the 24/7 dynamic economic viability of a port, port cities need to accommodate urban functions that are crucial for an expanding city and its region (Hein, 2019)
In order to accommodate a balance among those flows of materials, people, and ideas pro‐ duced by the diverse port city actors and their needs, port city regions need to allow for urban porosity
As described by Wolfrum (2018), porosity is an analyti‐ cal metaphor to describe the fragmentation of contem‐ porary urbanized territories into borderscapes (Harbers, 2003) to accommodate diverse and interrelated flows of people, ideas, and resources migrating from one space to another
Summary
To the construction and expansion of infrastruc‐ ture and facilities supporting the 24/7 dynamic economic viability of a port, port cities need to accommodate urban functions that are crucial for an expanding city and its region (Hein, 2019). Decision‐makers, academic experts, and planners all look at the many dualities, for exam‐ ple pollution–urban development, culture–production, or economy–climate change (PortCityFutures, n.d.) and the simultaneous realities of many actors (e.g., the port authority, national and regional governments, global maritime companies and local entrepreneurs, interna‐ tional visitors, inhabitants of different social ranks) as opposing and conflicting parts of spatially and institution‐ ally separated entities This creates further division, sepa‐ ration, and negative porosity, that is rigid and conflicting socio‐spatial environments, within the urban territory. Approaches to port cities from a holistic spatial planning perspective need to focus on spatial, institutional, social, and environmental resilience rather than addressing only technological or economic measures (Hein, 2011) Those new and creative imaginaries take place in between the multiple borders of a porous port cityscape. The domi‐ nance of one‐sided imaginaries of urban spaces leads to increased isolation, disconnected porous space, and the unheard voices and needs of ignored actors
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