Abstract
Overall, carbonate rock has complex and more heterogeneous physical characteristic, compared to siliciclastic sedimentary rock. One parameter, which distinguishes carbonate rock and siliciclastic is pore structure/pore type. The heterogeneity and complexity of carbonate reservoir pore type are affected by the sedimentation process and the diagenesis process. Pore type classification is divided into three: interparticle, stiff, and crack. Therefore, carbonate pore type determination becomes important to enhance drilling success. This paper explains pore types prediction, porosity, and acoustic impedance on carbonate reservoir. The Differential Effective Medium (DEM) method to analyze carbonate reservoir pore type has been applied. DEM method generates bulk and shear modulus parameters to create carbonate Vp and Vs model based on pore type. We also do a 3D seismic inversion to create acoustic impedance distribution, porosity, and pore type. Afterward, we made cube porosity and pore type cube by using geostatistics method to provide a better result. Moreover, this study shows low impedance value correlates with high porosity value and enhancement of porosity value correlates with crack and interparticle pore type on “P” field, Salawati Basin.
Highlights
Kais Carbonate reef is a carbonate reservoir that producing a reservoir in the Salawati Basin
It is successful in small scale and difficult exploration, so a new exploration concept is needed to characterize carbonate reservoirs [2]
The results of rock physic modelling, RMS-1 and SAP-1 are dominated by crack and interparticle pore type, while RMS-2 is dominated by Stiff and interparticle
Summary
Kais Carbonate reef is a carbonate reservoir that producing a reservoir in the Salawati Basin. Since 1936, Salawati Basin has produced more than 400 MMBO and 200 BCFG through 2014 [1]. It is successful in small scale and difficult exploration, so a new exploration concept is needed to characterize carbonate reservoirs [2]. The pore type of carbonate reservoir is more complex and heterogeneous than the siliciclastic rock pore type, which is as a result of locally deposited environments and diagenetic processes such as cementation and dissolution. The complexity and heterogeneity of reservoir carbonate pore types have implications if the velocity of seismic waves propagates in carbonate rock reservoirs. In 1999, a study to predict pore type in carbonate showed pore type controls porosity from acoustic velocity deviations [4]
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