Abstract
The oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) is a non-obligatory amphidromous prawn, and it has a wide distribution covering almost the entire Taiwan. Mitochondrial DNA fragment sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA were combined and used to elucidate the population structure and historical demography of oriental river prawn in Taiwan. A total of 202 individuals from six reservoirs and three estuaries were separately collected. Nucleotide diversity (π) of all populations was 0.01217, with values ranging from 0.00188 (Shihmen Reservoir, SMR, northern Taiwan) to 0.01425 (Mingte Reservoir, MTR, west-central Taiwan). All 76 haplotypes were divided into 2 lineages: lineage A included individuals from all sampling areas except SMR, and lineage B included specimens from all sampling locations except Chengching Lake Reservoir (CLR) and Liyu Lake Reservoir (LLR). All F ST values among nine populations were significantly different except the one between Jhonggang River Estuary (JGE, west-central Taiwan) and Kaoping River Estuary (KPE, southern Taiwan). UPGMA tree of nine populations showed two main groups: the first group included the SMR and Tamsui River Estuary (TSE) (both located northern Taiwan), and the second one included the other seven populations (west-central, southern and eastern Taiwan). Demographic analyses implied a population expansion occurred during the recent history of the species. The dispersal route of this species might be from China to west-central and west-southern Taiwan, and then the part individuals belonging to lineage A and B dispersed southerly and northerly, respectively. And then part individuals in west-central Taiwan fell back to and stay at estuaries as the sea level rose about 18,000 years ago.
Highlights
The present population genetic structure of a species may be fully interpreted if the influence of historical events and the complex interactions of biology, geography, and climatic shifts were considered [1]
Mitochondrial DNA is highly polymorphic, and it has been used for assessing population genetic structure, phylogeographical history to provide demographic inferences in relation to population dynamics [2]
A total of 202 individuals were separately collected from six reservoirs, Shihmen Reservoir (SMR, northern Taiwan), Mingte Reservoir (MTR, west-central Taiwan), Tsengwen Reservoir (TWR, southwestern Taiwan), Chengching Lake Reservoir (CLR, southern Taiwan), Liyu Lake Reservoir (LLR, eastern Taiwan) and Yangming Lake Reservoir (YLR, southeastern China), and three estuaries, Tamsui River Estuary (TSE, northern Taiwan), Jhonggang River Estuary (JGE, west-central Taiwan) and Kaoping River Estuary (KPE, southern Taiwan) (Fig 1; Table 1)
Summary
The present population genetic structure of a species may be fully interpreted if the influence of historical events and the complex interactions of biology, geography, and climatic shifts were considered [1]. Stern climatic shifts can create great changes in species’ geographical distribution and abundance, and the advent of DNA technology provides proper markers to reflect the genetic effects under the influence of these changes [1, 2]. There were drastic changes in areas and configurations in marginal seas of the Western Pacific during the late Quaternary glacial cycles [4]. The present genetic structures of populations in the Western Pacific had been greatly influenced throughout Pleistocene ice ages. The cyclic separation and rejoining of Taiwan with the mainland China caused by glacial sea-level changes provided opportunities for taxa dispersing between these two areas [7, 8]
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