Population Growth Problems and Food Security in Nigeria

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of population growth on food production in Nigeria using secondary data on food production index and population growth rate obtained within the period of 1980 to 2011. Time series nature of data was adequately investigated using unit root tests. Engle-Granger causality test was also performed on the two variables of interest- food production index and population growth rates. Two standard econometric methodologies were employed. Ordinary Least Square regression and Instrumental Variable technique were both employed in estimating the model. Empirical finding from the OLS indicates that population growth is positively related to food production. However, the Instrumental Variable Approach produced a more interesting result; an increase in population growth rate significantly reduces food output. It is therefore pertinent for Nigeria to check her population growth rate in order to avoid population explosion and its attendant consequence. Suggested population control measures include legislation against polygamy as well as placing a ceiling on the number of birth allowable per family. Primary education should also be promoted by the Government just as better health care facilities should be put in place to increase longevity.