Abstract
Although once popular prior to the last century, the aquaculture of crucian carp Carassius carassius (L. 1758) in Sweden gradually fell from favour. This is the first genetic comparison of crucian carp from historic man-made ponds in the Scandinavian Peninsula. The aim was to identify old populations without admixture and to compare the relationship of pond populations from different provinces in Sweden. In total, nine microsatellite loci from 234 individuals from 20 locations in varied parts of Sweden were analysed. The genetic distances of crucian carp populations indicated that the populations in the southernmost province of Sweden, Scania, shared a common history. A pond population in the province Smaland also showed a common inheritance with this group. In the province Uppland, further north in Sweden, the population genetic distances suggested a much more complex history of crucian carp distributions in the ponds. The data showed that there are some ponds with potentially old populations without admixture, but also that several ponds might have been stocked with fish from many sources.
Highlights
The crucian carp Carassius carassius (L. 1758) is a member of the Cyprinidae family
The analysis indicated null alleles at locus J60 in some of the populations
Removing J60 from the analysis did not significantly alter the results. It had the greatest number of alleles, which could be of interest when looking for differences between populations
Summary
1758) is a member of the Cyprinidae family It has a widespread distribution in northern parts of Eurasia from France and England in the west towards Kazakhstan and Siberia in the east. There are numerous reports about crucian carp aquaculture in Sweden until the early nineteenth century (Bonow and Svanberg 2011). The pond keeping in Sweden dates back to the late Middle Ages. It was extensive during centuries, present at vicarages, manors and castles (Bonow and Svanberg 2012). Documents show that Carl Linnaeus was enticed by this type of aquaculture after visiting castles in the southernmost province of Sweden, Scania, and he encouraged pond keeping in other regions of Sweden (Svanberg et al 2012). Even though some ponds still remain, this kind of aquaculture has in large been abandoned in Sweden
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