Abstract
Objectives: Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific situation in which the excretion of toxic metabolites is reduced due to toxic agents and drugs. Gentamicin is an antibiotic belongs to aminoglycoside group which may induce nephrotoxicity due to induction of oxidative stress. Pomegranate is a component of the traditional medicine called Punica granatum with significant nephron-protective effect. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the nephronprotective effect of pomegranate in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
 Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used which divided into Group 1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus normal saline 5 ml/kg for 12 days, Group 2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days, and Group 3 (n=10): Rats treated with pomegranate 100 mg/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), and cystatin-C were measured in both control and experimental groups.
 Results: Rats treated with gentamicin showed nephrotoxicity as evident by significant elevation in serum creatinine, blood urea, serum creatinine, KIM-1, MDA, and cystatin-C sera levels. Pomegranate leads to significant reduction of blood urea and serum creatinine compared to gentamicin group, p<0.05. Pomegranate also reduced MDA, KIM-1, and cystatin-C sera levels significantly compared to gentamicin group, p<0.01.
 Conclusion: Pomegranate produced significant nephroprotective effect on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.
Highlights
Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific circumstance due to toxic agents and drugs
A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used which divided into Group 1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus normal saline 5 ml/kg for 12 days, Group 2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days, and Group 3 (n=10): Rats treated with pomegranate 100 mg/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days
Rats treated with gentamicin showed nephrotoxicity as evident by significant elevation in serum creatinine, blood urea, serum creatinine, KIM-1, MDA, and cystatin-C sera levels
Summary
Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific circumstance due to toxic agents and drugs. About 20% of nephrotoxicity is induced and caused by drugs; this fraction is augmented in the old age due to ascend in the life span [1].Gentamicin is an antibiotic of aminoglycoside group, used for the treatment of dissimilar bacterial infections. 90% of administrated gentamicin is excreted unchanged in the proximal renal tubule that leads to a necrosis at a higher dose [2].An excess in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals is the main mechanism of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific circumstance due to toxic agents and drugs. About 20% of nephrotoxicity is induced and caused by drugs; this fraction is augmented in the old age due to ascend in the life span [1]. Gentamicin is an antibiotic of aminoglycoside group, used for the treatment of dissimilar bacterial infections. 90% of administrated gentamicin is excreted unchanged in the proximal renal tubule that leads to a necrosis at a higher dose [2]. An excess in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals is the main mechanism of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Gentamicin induces the expression of transporter proteins at proximal renal tubules causing free radical generations [3]. Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is a versatile incident which previously allied to the oxidative stress only
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