Abstract
Objectives: Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific situation in which the excretion of toxic metabolites is reduced due to toxic agents and drugs. Gentamicin is an antibiotic belongs to aminoglycoside group which may induce nephrotoxicity due to induction of oxidative stress. Curcumin is a component of traditional medicine with significant nephroprotective effect. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of curcumin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
 Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used which divided into Group 1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus normal saline 5 ml/kg for 12 days, Group 2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days, and Group 3 (n=10): Rats treated with curcumin 100 mg/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), and cystatin-C were measured in both control and experimental groups.
 Results: Rats treated with gentamicin showed nephrotoxicity as evident by significant elevation in blood urea, serum creatinine, KIM-1, MDA, and cystatin-C sera levels. Curcumin leads to significant reduction of blood urea and serum creatinine compared to gentamicin group, p<0.05. Curcumin also reduced MDA, KIM-1, and cystatin-C sera levels significantly compared to gentamicin group, p<0.01.
 Conclusion: Curcumin produced significant nephroprotective effect on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.
Highlights
Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific condition in which the flow of toxic metabolites does not go resourcefully due to toxic agents and drugs
A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used which divided into Group 1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus normal saline 5 ml/kg for 12 days, Group 2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days, and Group 3 (n=10): Rats treated with curcumin 100 mg/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days
Rats treated with gentamicin showed nephrotoxicity as evident by significant elevation in blood urea, serum creatinine, KIM-1, MDA, and cystatin-C sera levels
Summary
Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific condition in which the flow of toxic metabolites does not go resourcefully due to toxic agents and drugs. 20% of nephrotoxicity is caused by drugs; this fraction is augmented in the elderly due to the rise in the life span [1]. Gentamicin is an antibiotic of aminoglycoside group, used for the treatment of different bacterial infections, 90% of administrated gentamicin is excreted unchanged in the proximal renal tubules which may lead to extensive renal tubular necrosis at a higher dose [2]. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species and free radicals is the chief mechanism for gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Gentamicin induces the expression of transporter proteins at proximal renal tubules causing free radical generations [3]. Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is a multifaceted phenomenon which previously linked to the oxidative stress only
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