Abstract
Polyurethanes are one of many types of polymers that are currently being developed worldwide. Some studies reported many substances involved in synthesizing polyurethanes (PU), with mostly originated from a biomass substance. Our laboratory has synthesized natural fiber – based PU to obtain hybrid PUs through varying reaction variables such as temperature. This study used cellulose, a biomass substance as well as polyethylene glycol and 4,4’ – methylenebis cyclohexyl isocyanate (HMDI) in synthesizing the hybrid PU, and investigated their thermal stability such as decomposition temperature by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed various tendency according to the chain extending temperature for the decomposition temperature. Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) showed glass transition tendency of the product is proportional to the chain extending temperature, where the maximum glass transition obtained from the experimental is 59.8ºC at 70ºC of polymerization. Evaluation of functional group in the hybrid PUs was conducted with FT – IR spectroscopy measurement indicating urethane presence as part of the hybrid PUs.
Highlights
Biomass – based PUs are currently being developed through various studies [1 – 3]
The first being pre – polyurethanization which is the process to synthesize the pre – PU by reacting soft segment and hard segment, and the other being copolyurethanization or chain extending which is the process to synthesize the hybrid PU by reacting pre – PU obtained from the previous step with a chain extender
PEG 6000 serves as the soft segment, HMDI as the hard segment, and cellulose as the chain extender
Summary
Biomass – based PUs are currently being developed through various studies [1 – 3]. The vast possibilities of many biomass substance to be processed into a polyol for polyurethanization means, and many ways to synthesize PU with a sustainable development. Chain extenders in polyurethanization has being widely developed, using some compounds such as precipitated silica with silanol groups [9], n – butanediol (BDO) [10], IDD – diols [11], dithioerythritol [12], and diamine [13] to the biomass – based substance such as cellulose originated from sorghum bicolor plant [14]. Previous study conducting cellulose as a chain extender in synthesizing polyurethane has not yet conduct the temperature optimization in the polyurethanization. The thermal properties of the cellulose – fiber based hybrid PU and expected change in glass transition due to variations in the polyurethanization is the aim of study of the polyurethanization temperature optimization, when reacting the prepolymer and chain extender to synthesize the hybrid PU. The synthesized hybrid PUs with temperature optimization were investigated with Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) for thermal characterization, and Fourier Transform – Infra Red (FT – IR) to investigate the existence of urethane group in the hybrid PUs
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