Abstract
The roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. are a famous traditional Chinese medicinal herb and are also used as health food. However, information about polysaccharides from S. ningpoensis (SNPS) is very limited. We applied the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) process to extract SNPS. The UAE conditions were optimized using single-factor experiments and response surface analysis. Under the optimized conditions of ultrasonic power of 550 W, extraction time of 26 min, and extraction temperature at 50°C, the highest yield of 13.47% ± 1.63% was obtained, which was in accordance with the predicted value of 13.71%. In comparison with traditional hot water extraction, the optimized UAE method significantly increased the extraction yield with lower extraction temperature and shorter extraction time. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant evaluation showed that EC50 values of SNPS were 2.43 ± 0.21, 4.40 ± 0.35, and 0.56 ± 0.062 mg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl free radical, and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, respectively. The anti-inflammatory potential of SNPS was detected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ICR mice. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that SNPS significantly improved LPS-stimulated inflammatory response by decreasing mRNA and protein expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the extraction process of SNPS established in this study is reliable, and SNPS possesses potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which will provide a theoretical basis for guiding the clinical application of S. ningpoensis.
Highlights
Introduction e roots of Scrophularia ningpoensisHemsl. (Radix Scrophulariae ningpoensis) are a perennial plant which belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family
The extraction process of SNPS established in this study is reliable, and SNPS possesses potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which will provide a theoretical basis for guiding the clinical application of S. ningpoensis
Introduction e roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. (Radix Scrophulariae ningpoensis) are a perennial plant which belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family
Summary
Introduction e roots of Scrophularia ningpoensisHemsl. (Radix Scrophulariae ningpoensis) are a perennial plant which belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family. Its dried roots are known in China as Xuanshen, a traditional medicine that has been used as an antipyretic and for the treatment of sore throat and prurigo for over 1000 years [1, 2] It has been used as a health food. E main chemical substances of the roots of S. ningpoensis include iridoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, and carbohydrates, which have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory actions [3,4,5]. These plant-derived bioactive components are characterized by potential antioxidant activities [6, 7]. Polysaccharides are among the most active substances found in nature, with a variety of biological activities, such as antitumour, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and immune regulation, with relatively low toxicity and side effects [8,9,10]
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