Polyphenols (S3) Isolated from Cone Scales of Pinus koraiensis Alleviate Decreased Bone Formation in Rat under Simulated Microgravity

Yan Diao,Bin Chen,Zhenyu Wang,Lijun Wei

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30992-8

Abstract

In order to screen out an effective bone loss protectant from natural plant polyphenol and to elucidate the mechanism of the plant polyphenols that alleviate bone loss under simulated microgravity, the proliferation activities of 9 total polyphenol extracts from natural product (TPENP) on osteoblasts were measured. Polyphenols (S3) was isolated from total polyphenols of cone scales from pinus koraiensis (Korean pine). ALP activity in osteoblasts and MDA level in femur were measured. Mechanical properties and microstructure of the distal cancellous region of the femur in rat were tested. Various bone metabolism markers, enzymes activity and genes expression were also analyzed. The results showed that S3 has the highest activity of osteoblast proliferation. S3 promoted ALP activity in osteoblasts, enhanced mechanical properties and microstructure of the distal cancellous region of femur in rat, decreased MDA level, elevated the serum concentration of BALP, PINP and activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px in femur under simulated microgravity. In addition, S3 enhanced the expression of NRF-2, β-catenin, p-GSK3-β, OSX, RUNX2, Osteonectin, Osteocalcin, ALP and collagen I. These results indicated that S3 can alleviated bone loss induced by simulated microgravity through abate the inhibition of the oxidative stress on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Highlights

Divided into phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and wood flour compounds[9,10]
The research value of total polyphenol extract in scale of Korean pine cone will be determined through comparison of cone scale from Korean pine and herbs that were commonly used in clinic and medicinal & edible in The Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, while the contribution to osteoblasts proliferation activity of the total polyphenol extracts shall be screened and studied, and the polyphenol section with the highest activity of osteoblasts proliferation should be searched through isolation and purification
The number of osteoblast played a direct role in bone forming so the screening of proliferation activities of 9 total polyphenol extracts from natural product (TPENP) on osteoblasts was carried out first

Summary

Introduction

Divided into phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and wood flour compounds[9,10]. Current studies have shown that natural polyphenols have many physiological functions, including improved cardiovascular and cerebrovascular function[11], effects on nervous system[12,13], anti-inflammatory effects[14], significant anticancer[15,16] and anti-aging[17], etc. The polyphenols from natural plants has the potential to develop protectant for bone loss caused by a microgravity environment. If weightlessness bone loss protectant can be developed from cone scale of Korean pine, the problem of environmental pollution can be solved as killing two birds with one stone. Study will be started with the obtaining protectant to alleviate bone loss under microgravity from polyphenols in scales of Korean pine cone. In vivo study, whether the polyphenols section can alleviated bone loss induced by microgravity should be tested through the analysis of mechanical properties of femur and μ-CT scanning of cancellous of distal femur in rats, in order to obtain natural plant extracts that had the potential capacity to alleviate bone loss under microgravity. The mechanism that polyphenol section from Korean pine alleviated bone loss induced by simulated microgravity should be elucidated through biochemical indicators in serum and femur and the signaling pathways

Methods

Results

Conclusion