Abstract
Various conventional (maceration and heat-assisted extraction) and new alternative techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction) have been developed for the extraction of polyphenols compounds from different plant sources. Novel procedures have established with the aim to reduce the extraction time and solvent consumption, as well as to increase polyphenols yield and to improve extract quality. A critical review was conducted to introduce and compare traditional and modern procedures applied for extraction of bioactive polyphenols compounds. This review focuses on the different techniques of polyphenols extraction, discussing their operating conditions, mechanism, choice of particle size and solvent, solid-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, advantages/disadvantages and effectiveness. Finally, potential application of those extraction procedures in polyphenols isolation is reviewed.
Highlights
Polyphenols represent a wide group of plant secondary metabolites, which possess numerous biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antiinflammatory, antiallergic, hepatoprotective and anticarcinogenic properties (Ben El Hadj Ali et al, 2014; Bhatt et al, 2017; Munin and Edwards-Levy, 2011; Sen and Chakraborty, 2011)
Different conventional and new alternative techniques have been developed for the extraction of polyphenols compounds from different plant sources
Novel procedures have established with the aim to reduce the extraction time and solvent consumption, as well as to increase polyphenols yield and to improve extract quality
Summary
Polyphenols represent a wide group of plant secondary metabolites, which possess numerous biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antiinflammatory, antiallergic, hepatoprotective and anticarcinogenic properties (Ben El Hadj Ali et al, 2014; Bhatt et al, 2017; Munin and Edwards-Levy, 2011; Sen and Chakraborty, 2011). Different procedures for polyphenols extraction were developed and they vary in mechanism, nature of plant material, solvent type, solid/solvent ratio, time, temperature, pressure and solvent pH (Ben El Hadj Ali et al, 2014; Bucic-Kojicet al., 2011; Cam and Hisil, 2010; Galvan d’Alessandro et al, 2012). Traditional procedures for obtaining plant extracts include maceration, percolation, digestion and Soxhlet extraction (Vuleta et al, 2012; Wang and Weller, 2006) These methods are simple, but involve several disadvantages such as low polyphenols yield, long extraction time and large amounts of plant material and solvent (Mustafa and Turner, 2011; Wang and Weller, 2006). Potential application of those extraction procedures for polyphenols isolation is reviewed
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