Polyol-assisted synthesis of NdFeO3 nanoparticles decorated porous N-CNTs for voltammetric sensing of furazolidone in veterinary feeds and urine samples

Abstract

In modern medicine, antibiotics with nitro groups were crucial for the treatment of urinary tract and bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, prolonged or excessive use of it harms the environment, humans, and animals health. Therefore, fast, accurate, and low-cost sensors have become essential for monitoring the use of drug quantities. Electrochemical methods are appropriate for determining drugs in real samples. In this work, NdFeO3 nanoparticles decorated on porous N-CNTs (NFO/N-CNTs) nanocomposite constructed through a polyol-mediated reflux heating method and explored for electrochemical applications. Various spectroscopic and analytical techniques were employed to analyze the formation of the nanocomposite. The as-synthesized NFO/N-CNTs nanocomposite possesses higher electrochemical active surface area, improved conductivity, and enhanced electrochemical activity compared to pure NdFeO3 due to the decoration of N-CNTs. The prepared nanocomposite was applied for electrochemical sensing of FZD in veterinary feeds and urine samples. The fabricated electrode NFO/N-CNTs modified glassy carbon electrode possesses a wide linear range of 0.0025–152.76 µM, a low limit of detection of 0.008 µM and a high sensitivity of 1.695 μA μM−1 cm−2 toward FZD. Furthermore, it shows significant anti-interfering ability, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility during FZD monitoring. The identification of FZD in veterinary feeds and urine samples using an NFO/N-CNTs sensor achieved acceptable results.