Abstract
Soap-free carboxylated polystyrene latexes have been prepared by copolymerizing acrylic acid (AA) in a wide range of the degree of neutralization using a slight amount of soap; and the distribution of carboxyl groups was investigated from the determination of carboxyl groups localized on the surface of particles (surface carboxyl groups). It appears that the degree of neutralization of AA or the amount of AA has a considerable effect on the rate of polymerization as well as the stability of the polymerization system. At a degree of neutralization of approximately 0.80, stable latexes are obtained at a sufficient rate of polymerization. It is also clarified that the distribution of carboxyl groups is governed substantially by the degree of neutralization of AA. At a degree of neutralization of 0.80, approximately 30% of the total carboxyl groups are localized on the surface of particles. The amount of AA or the particle diameter seems to have little effect on the distribution of carboxyl groups.
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