Abstract
The actual situation of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics and pandemics caused by a virus makes research in the area of antimicrobial and antiviral materials and surfaces more urgent than ever. Several strategies can be pursued to attain such properties using different classes of materials. This review focuses on polymeric materials that are applied as coatings onto pre-existing components/parts mainly to inhibit microbial activity, but polymer surfaces with biocidal properties can be reported. Among the several approaches that can be done when addressing polymeric coatings, this review will be divided in two: antimicrobial activities due to the topographic cues, and one based on the chemistry of the surface. Some future perspectives on this topic will be given together with the conclusions of the literature survey.
Highlights
There are several reasons why microorganisms, bacteria, developed resistance to antibiotics: incorrect medical prescription [1], incompletion of appropriate antimicrobial therapy by the patient [2], overuse [3], extensive agricultural use [4], availability of few new antibiotics [5], and the overuse of antibacterial products for hygienic or cleaning purposes [6]
The for coating wascolonization obtained from a polyamide promote a Insurface withfour a chemical composition attractive for bacterial colonization to evaluate the true effect of topography
NPsBesides were encapsulated into athe composite formulation deposition (EPD), for orthopedic applications helping to avoid initial burst release, of chitosan and bioactive glass to coat stainless steel environmental samples, by a hazards single-step electrophoretic the encapsulation of the nanoparticles also316 hinders possible associated with the deposition for orthopedic applications
Summary
There are several reasons why microorganisms, bacteria, developed resistance to antibiotics: incorrect medical prescription [1], incompletion of appropriate antimicrobial therapy by the patient [2], overuse [3], extensive agricultural use [4], availability of few new antibiotics [5], and the overuse of antibacterial products for hygienic or cleaning purposes [6]. A wide range of medical components, more prone to bacterial infections and more serious consequences, are based on polymeric materials mainly due to their chemical stability, good mechanical properties, manufacturing versatility, and lower cost. Often polymeric materials do not present the appropriate bulk properties that enable them to be applied in components/parts for structural engineering applications and invasive medical devices that require similar mechanical solicitations. In those situations, the polymer, monolithic, or composite, is used as a coating to confer to the surfaces of other materials the desired antimicrobial properties.
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