Abstract
Diseases of periodontal tissues are a considerable clinical problem, connected with inflammatory processes and bone loss. The healing process often requires reconstruction of lost bone in the periodontal area. For that purpose, various membranes are used to prevent ingrowth of epithelium in the tissue defect and enhance bone regeneration. Currently-used membranes are mainly non-resorbable or are derived from animal tissues. Thus, there is an urgent need for non-animal-derived bioresorbable membranes with tuned resorption rates and porosity optimized for the circulation of body nutrients. We demonstrate membranes produced by the electrospinning of biodegradable polymers (PDLLA/PLGA) coated with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA). The nHA coating was made using two methods: sonocoating and electrospraying of nHA suspensions. In a simulated degradation study, for electrosprayed membranes, short-term calcium release was observed, followed by hydrolytic degradation. Sonocoating produced a well-adhering nHA layer with full coverage of the fibers. The layer slowed the polymer degradation and increased the membrane wettability. Due to gradual release of calcium ions the degradation-associated acidity of the polymer was neutralized. The sonocoated membranes exhibited good cellular metabolic activity responses against MG-63 and BJ cells. The collected results suggest their potential use in Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) and Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) periodontal procedures.
Highlights
Expanding knowledge about nanomaterials has led in recent years to the advent of nanomedicine and the transformation of medical and dental clinical strategies
We explore the potential of PDLLA/PLGA electrospun membranes coated with nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite produced using the Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis (MHS) [57] for Guided Bone Regeneration in periodontal disease
This was expected, N(afinbomroabtelraiasltss2)0c1e9,ll9s, xon PDLLA/PLGA/nHA sonocoated membranes caused an increase in cell prolife1r9aotfio24n, but this was not as large as with MG-63 cells
Summary
Expanding knowledge about nanomaterials has led in recent years to the advent of nanomedicine and the transformation of medical and dental clinical strategies. Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) and Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) surgical procedures are the current restoration strategies used to overcome this problem [4,5,6]. Both methods are based on the principle of separating soft tissues from the bone cavity with a membrane. In the GBR procedure, the membrane protects the bone defect site from the rapidly-growing epithelial cells, as well as fibrous and gingival tissues ingrowth. It improves both the soft tissue regeneration and bone regeneration. New approaches and materials are needed to regenerate the lost periodontal tissue [17,18]
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