Abstract
This review summarizes the current state of polymer composites used as dielectric materials for energy storage. The particular focus is on materials: polymers serving as the matrix, inorganic fillers used to increase the effective dielectric constant, and various recent investigations of functionalization of metal oxide fillers to improve compatibility with polymers. We review the recent literature focused on the dielectric characterization of composites, specifically the measurement of dielectric permittivity and breakdown field strength. Special attention is given to the analysis of the energy density of polymer composite materials and how the functionalization of the inorganic filler affects the energy density of polymer composite dielectric materials.
Highlights
Electrical energy storage plays a key role in mobile electronic devices, stationary power systems, hybrid electric vehicles, and pulse power applications [1,2]
Various studies have indicated that the effective dielectric constant predicted by the Bruggeman equation increases sharply for filler volume fractions above 20% and can be very high for ceramic particle loadings higher than 50% by volume
The fact that there is an increase in the breakdown strength in the AEAPS-TO/LDPE composite suggests that polymer-particle adhesion is not the dominant effect here
Summary
Electrical energy storage plays a key role in mobile electronic devices, stationary power systems, hybrid electric vehicles, and pulse power applications [1,2]. There is a growing need for capacitors that can accumulate a large amount of energy and deliver it nearly instantaneously This kind of “pulse power” is needed for a variety of military and commercial applications. The magnitude of ' (or the dielectric constant εr) indicates the ability of the material to store energy from the applied electric field. Despite having high dielectric constants (Table 1), ceramic capacitors have low inherent breakdown field strength, which results in low energy density. On the other hand, are processed into large area films, and several polymers have relatively high breakdown field strengths. They typically have low dielectric constants (Table 2), and low energy densities
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