Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are emerging as one of the important alternates to synthetic plastics. PHAs are immensely known for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewability properties. They generally are the polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates produced from renewable compounds such as food waste, organic waste from agriculture, and municipal wastes by the activity of microorganisms. They are specifically produced by several bacteria and Archaea as the intracellular products, carbon reserves, or energy storage compounds and are known to protect the microbial cells from adverse environmental stress such as heat, UV irradiation, oxidative stress, freezing, and osmotic shock. Regardless of their immense applications, PHAs still face the challenge of high production and market costs, which is related to the selection of raw materials for manufacturing PHAs. Since the last decade, its expansion has explored the potential of organic wastes such as food wastes as one of the cheapest materials for PHAs production. The production costs can be largely reduced with the use of domestic wastes in the role of carbon sources, paving the way for the bio-based economy. The present review gives a comprehensive overview of the updated research progress in the fabrication of PHAs by using different wastes generated from domestic households. Further, the review deals with the PHAs synthesis, properties, and biochemical pathways involved in the production, factors affecting PHAs production, and purification of PHAs extracted from domestic wastes.
Published Version
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