Abstract
The investigation for novel unique extremozymes is a valuable business for which the marine environment has been overlooked. The marine fungus Clonostachys rosea IG119 was tested for growth and chitinolytic enzyme production at different combinations of salinity and pH using response surface methodology. RSM modelling predicted best growth in-between pH 3.0 and 9.0 and at salinity of 0–40‰, and maximum enzyme activity (411.137 IU/L) at pH 6.4 and salinity 0‰; however, quite high production (>390 IU/L) was still predicted at pH 4.5–8.5. The highest growth and activity were obtained, respectively, at pH 4.0 and 8.0, in absence of salt. The crude enzyme was tested at different salinities (0–120‰) and pHs (2.0–13.0). The best activity was achieved at pH 4.0, but it was still high (in-between 3.0 and 12.0) at pH 2.0 and 13.0. Salinity did not affect the activity in all tested conditions. Overall, C. rosea IG119 was able to grow and produce chitinolytic enzymes under polyextremophilic conditions, and its crude enzyme solution showed more evident polyextremophilic features. The promising chitinolytic activity of IG119 and the peculiar characteristics of its chitinolytic enzymes could be suitable for several biotechnological applications (i.e., degradation of salty chitin-rich materials and biocontrol of spoiling organisms, possibly solving some relevant environmental issues).
Highlights
IntroductionThe marine environment is extremely multiform, representing an important source of diversity (biological and chemical) and an enormous reserve of new and/or unexploited microorganisms
The marine environment is extremely multiform, representing an important source of diversity and an enormous reserve of new and/or unexploited microorganisms
Chitin represents an important source of carbon and nitrogen for marine organis and its turnover in the aquatic biosphere is quite high
Summary
The marine environment is extremely multiform, representing an important source of diversity (biological and chemical) and an enormous reserve of new and/or unexploited microorganisms. Among the marine microbial diversity, a high number of archaea, bacteria and fungi show unique adaptation features to the polyextremophilic conditions imposed by the very harsh environments. In the deep ocean microorganisms are subject to high hydrostatic pressure combined with low or high temperature or to high salinity and alkaline pH. Different productive activities (i.e., feed and food, fine chemicals, pharmaceutical, and enzyme industries) could benefit from the ocean’s microbial diversity, which represents a huge source of new substances, including enzymes, with high potential for their specific applications [4,5,6]. The global enzyme market was valued at $8636.8 million in 2019 and it is projected to reach $14,507.6 million in 2027 [9]
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