Abstract
Bioceramics are class of biomaterials that are specially developed for application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicines. Sol-gel method used for producing bioactive and reactive bioceramic materials more than those synthesized by traditional methods. In the present research study, the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 (CPS) bioceramics was investigated. The addition of 5% and 10% PEG significantly affected the porosity and bioactivity of sol-gel derived Ca5(PO4)2SiO4. The morphology and physicochemical properties of pure and modified materials were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The effect of PEG on the surface area and porosity of Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 was measured by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The results obtained from XRD and FTIR studies confirmed the interactions between PEG and CPS. Due to the high concentration of PEG, the CPS-3 sample showed the largest-sized particle with an average of 200.53 µm. The porous structure of CPS-2 and CPS-3 revealed that they have a better ability to generate an appetite layer on the surface of the sample when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for seven days. The generation of appetite layer showed the bioactive nature of CPS which makes it a suitable material for hard tissue engineering applications. The results have shown that the PEG-modified porous CPS could be a more effective material for drug delivery, implant coatings and other tissue engineering applications. The aim of this research work is to fabricate SBF treated and porous polyethylene glycol-modified Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 material. SBF treatment and porosity of material can provide a very useful target for bioactivity and drug delivery applications in the future.
Highlights
Ca5 (PO4 )2 SiO4 bio-ceramic is a fully loaded compound consisting of Ca, P and Si elements [1].The calcium–phosphate–silicate (CPS) ceramics are considered as biocompatible materials which is exclusively utilized as implantable materials for bone defects repairing [2]
In the current research work, we synthesized a pure phase of Ca5 (PO4 )2 SiO4 and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified porous Ca5 (PO4 )2 SiO4 bioceramic materials through the sol-gel method and investigated various properties
After 30 nm palladium coating, observations were done at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV and nanoparticles synthesis confirmed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (TECNAI 200 kV, Hillsboro, OR, USA) at SAIF in
Summary
Ca5 (PO4 ) SiO4 bio-ceramic is a fully loaded compound consisting of Ca, P and Si elements [1]. The silanol group induces the formation of bone-like apatite by attracting Ca2+ and PO4 3− through an ion-exchange process in an artificial solution similar to blood plasma [4,5] This apatite is broadly utilized biomaterial to repair and reconstruct hard tissue defects [6,7]. Researches on silicon-containing bioceramics have received a considerable attention from the biomaterials scientists as such biomaterials are considered as bone substitute materials [8,9] Various drawbacks such as less mechanism properties, low chemical stability and reduced bioactivity, the clinical applications of CPS bioceramics are limited [10,11]. In the current research work, we synthesized a pure phase of Ca5 (PO4 ) SiO4 and PEG-modified porous Ca5 (PO4 ) SiO4 bioceramic materials through the sol-gel method and investigated various properties. The highly bioactive and porous PEG-modified CPS can be utilized for tissue engineering and drug delivery
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