Abstract
Presently, plant oils which contain high percentage of linoleic acid 1 are perceived to be a viable alternative to mineral oil for biolubricant applications due to their biodegradability and technical properties. In order to get biodegradable lubricant, triester derivatives compounds (1–5) were synthesized and characterized. The processes involved were monoepoxidation of linoleic acid 2, oxirane ring opening 3, esterification 4 and acylation 5. The structures of the products were confirmed by FTIR, 1H and 13C-NMR and LC-MS. The results that showed lowest temperature properties were obtained for triester 5, with a pour point value (PP) of -73°C, highest onset temperature (260°C) and lowest volatility at 0.30%. Viscosity index (VI) increased for the ester’s synthetic compounds (2, 3, 4, 5), while the PP decreased. This behavior is the result of the increase of the chain length of the branching agents. Triester based linoleic acid has improved properties such as low-temperature and tribological properties. These results will make it feasible for plant oil to be used for biolubricants, fuels in chain saws, transmission oil and brake fluid.
Highlights
In this new age of techno-shift, the growing concern is the effort to protect the environment from the hazards of petroleum-based products
The goal of this work is to indicate a new chemical biolubricant structure that might be synthesized by using Linoleic acid (LA) as a base material which leads to suitable properties improvement, such as to pour point, flash point, viscosity and Tribological properties
Oleyl 9,(12)-hydroxy-10,(13)-oleioxyoctadecanoate 4 was synthesized by using carboxylic acid with oleyl alcohol with yield% of 88.77 (Table 1)
Summary
In this new age of techno-shift, the growing concern is the effort to protect the environment from the hazards of petroleum-based products. The poor biodegradability of petroleum oil pressurizes the industry to develop eco-friendly biodegradable lubricants based plant oils [1]. Even though plant oils possess excellent biodegradability, renewability and lubricating performance in industrial applications; there are two major issues of concern: poor low-temperature and oxidative stability properties for utilization as biolubricant base stocks [2, 3]. To overcome these problems, the chemical and biological modification of plant oils is the most feasible choice [4]. Many researchers and scientists have began to consider different types of natural material such as plant oils, animal fats, and organic waste oil as the starting materials for the PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0151603 March 23, 2016
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