Abstract
Simple SummaryThe dog conch (Laevistrombus canarium) is a marine gastropod mollusk widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. It is an economically crucial species; however, its population has been declining due to overfishing and overexploitation. Hence, we developed a novel polyculture and water-flow method for mass production of this species. Furthermore, the findings from this work also uncover the potentiality of L. canarium in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) and its implication for aquaculture and resource restoration.Laevistrombus canarium, also known as dog conch, is a marine gastropod mollusk widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. It is an economically crucial species; however, its population has been declining due to overfishing and overexploitation. In this study, the suitable salinity for juvenile L. canarium was between 20 and 35‰. Diatoms and biological detritus by using flow-water from the fish pool were the most favorable diets for newly metamorphosed and 10 mm juveniles. In the polyculture experiment, L. canarium was cultured with whiteleg shrimp, tilapia, small abalone, purple sea urchin, and collector urchin. Better growth was found in all co-culture groups except with whiteleg shrimp. We also found that the polyculture system with or without substrates significantly affected the growth of juveniles. Additionally, we observed that water temperature was the most crucial factor for growth and survival; a water temperature of less than 10 °C might cause the death of L. canarium. We have proposed a novel polyculture and water-flow method for mass production of L. canarium and evaluated the feasibility and benefits of polyculture with other species. The findings from this work reveal the potentiality of L. canarium in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) and its implication for aquaculture and resource restoration.
Highlights
Laevistrombus canarium, commonly known as dog conch, is a marine gastropod mollusk belonging to the family Strombidae
For the 10 mm juvenile, the group fed with sea cucumber feed had a similar growth rate similar to the flow-water method. These findings indicate that natural diatoms were a favorable nutrition source in the first 30 days but did not provide adequate nutrition to L. canarium that were bigger in size (>10 mm; Figure 4)
We examined the tolerance of early life stages of L. canarium to low salinity levels and found no significant difference among the survival rates of pelagic larvae exposed to salinity levels of 25, 30, and 35‰
Summary
Laevistrombus canarium, commonly known as dog conch, is a marine gastropod mollusk belonging to the family Strombidae. It is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, spanning the south of Japan, the east of India, the Indo-Pacific north of Australia, South Korea, the South China Sea, and Indonesia. The main habitats of L. canarium are the muddy sand bottom, coral sand bottom, and subtidal zone [1,2]. L. canarium is often found in sandy seagrass beds, the seagrass belonging to the genus Halophila. Similar ingestion patterns were found in Conomurex luhuanus, a close relative of L. canarium
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