Abstract
Dipsacus asper wall (DA) is an ancient Chinese medicinal material that has long been used to maintain the health of human bones. The present study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) of Dipsacus asper wall extracts (DAE). Microwave-assisted alcohol extraction of 100 mesh DA powder under optimal conditions can obtain 58.66% (w/w) yield of the crude extract. PDLSCs have excellent differentiation potential. PDLSCs treated with DA extract (DAE) underwent osteogenesis, exhibiting a higher expression of the Col-1, ALP, Runx2, and OCN genes, and had a 1.4-fold increase in mineralization, demonstrating the potential of DAE to promote osteogenic differentiation. After the addition of PI3K inhibitor LY294002, the expression of osteogenic genes was significantly inhibited, confirming that PI3K is an important pathway for DAE to induce osteogenesis. Mix DAE with polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol (PCL/PEO) to obtain nanofibers with a diameter of 488 nm under optimal electrospinning conditions. The physical property analysis of nanofibers with and without DAE includes FTIR, mechanical strength, biodegradability, swelling ratio and porosity, and cell compatibility. When cells induced by nanofibers with or without DAE, the mineralization of PDLSCs cultured on PCL/PEO/DAE was 2.6-fold higher than that of PCL/PEO. The results of the study confirm that both DAE and PCL/PEO nanofibers have the effect of promoting osteogenic differentiation. In order to obtain the best induction effect, the optimal amount of DAE can be discussed in future research.
Highlights
Dipsacus asper wall (DA) is a Chinese traditional medicinal material composed mainly of polysaccharides, cyclic olefin ether glycosides, oleanolic acid, triterpenoid saponins, volatile oils, and β-sitosterol [1]
The present study aims to confirm the effect of DA extract (DAE) in promoting osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs)
The results show that polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol (PCL/Polyethylene oxide (PEO)) nanofibers can promote osteogenic differentiation, but the effect of PCL/PEO/DAE in inducing stem cell differentiation is more significant
Summary
Dipsacus asper wall (DA) is a Chinese traditional medicinal material composed mainly of polysaccharides, cyclic olefin ether glycosides, oleanolic acid, triterpenoid saponins, volatile oils, and β-sitosterol [1]. Chen et al purified the water-soluble polysaccharides from DA and confirmed that these could inhibit the growth of human osteosarcoma cells by regulating the expression of the PI3K protein [3]. Niu et al induced MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts with asperosaponin VI (a saponin component from DA), which promoted the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins; they concluded that the osteogenic promotion occurred through the. The purified total saponins from DA were tested in MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro, and the total saponins in DA were confirmed to promote osteogenesis through the BMP-2/MAPK/Smad-dependent Runx pathway [5]. Alcohol extraction of DA can get a mixture, which mainly contains polysaccharides and triterpene saponins, and the extract of DA has a potential effect on the induction of osteogenic differentiation of stem cells
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