Poly-l-lysine mediated synthesis of palladium nanochain networks and nanodendrites as highly efficient electrocatalysts for formic acid oxidation and hydrogen evolution

Abstract

The morphology- and size-tunable synthesis of nanocatalysts has attracted substantial research interest especially in catalysis. In this work, we synthesized free-standing Pd nanochain networks (Pd NCNs) and Pd nanodendrites (Pd NDs) through a direct poly-l-lysine (PLL)-mediated one-pot aqueous method. The presence of PLL and its concentrations were critical in this regard, showing PLL as the structure-directing and capping agents during the nucleation and crystal growth procedures. The synthesized architectures exhibited improved catalytic activity and enhanced durability towards formic acid oxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions relative to commercial Pd black catalyst. Moreover, the electrochemical active surface area and the electrocatalytic performance of Pd NCNs were dramatically enhanced in comparison to Pd NDs mainly owing to the unique network-like structure of Pd NCNs.