Poly(ethylene oxide)-based surfactants as templates for the synthesis of mesoporous silica materials

Abstract

Various mesoporous silica solids were prepared by using poly(ethylene oxide)-based surfactants as templates in a neutral, fluoride, or moderately acidic medium, and their properties examined by different physical techniques. Precipitation in an acid or neutral medium provided materials of pore size in between those of micropores and mesopores irrespective of the molecular size of the surfactant. On the other hand, syntheses in a fluoride-containing medium yielded mesoporous materials with pore diameters over the range 36–84 Å that increased with increasing surfactant size. All materials possessed specific surface areas above 650 m 2 g −1 and high pore volumes—particularly those obtained in a fluorinated medium. The conditions used in the syntheses and the fact that all produced highly disordered porous materials suggest that their mechanism of formation is essentially of the N 0 I 0 neutral type. The materials obtained in the presence of fluoride ion, which promote the condensation of siliceous species, retain greater amounts of surfactant and exhibit increased cross-linking and decreased particle sizes, which results in textural mesoporosity.